Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, and particularly cancer. The present study examined the involvement of various miRNAs in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). We performed a high-throughput analysis of the miRNAs (miRNA microarray) found in samples of endometrial tissue obtained from 45?patients; among whom, 15?patients were diagnosed with EC, 15?patients were diagnosed with AEH, and the remainder were healthy donors. Next, we selected several miRNAs which exhibited at least a 2-fold difference in expression with a P<0.05 to validate these changes in 3?independent in?vitro experiments that used real-time PCR analysis. Finally, miR-1202 and miR-196a were selected as target molecules whose effects on cell apoptosis, cell cycle changes, cell migratory and invasive abilities were investigated using flow cytometric and Transwell assays, respectively, after pre-treatment in?vitro. After analyzing 125?miRNAs in a microarray assay, 6?miRNAs (3-high and 3-low expression) were further evaluated via paired comparison in all 3?groups. The validation test revealed a positive correlation between the microarray results and a high level of miR-1202 and a low level of miR-196a in the EC group, when compared with the AEH group. All of the data were normalized with data obtained from normal control donors. We found that either miR-1202 silencing or miR-196a overexpression affected AN3CA and HEC-1-A cells by increasing their apoptosis level and inducing G1?phase arrest while decreasing their migratory and invasive abilities. Inhibitors of miR-1202 and mimics of miR?196a may exert a protective effect, suggesting that miR-1202 and miR?196a may serve as biomarkers for evaluating the effectiveness of EC treatment.

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