Product Name	Beta tubulin (Loading Control)
Chinese Name	微管蛋白β tubulin/Tubulin β（内参）抗体
Alias	Beta 4 tubulin; Tubulin-beta; Tubulin beta; Beta 5 tubulin; BetaTubulin; Beta-Tubulin; dJ40E16.7; TUBB; TUBB2; TUBB2A; TUBB5; tubulin beta 2A; Tubulin beta chain; Tubulin beta-5 chain; TUBB4A; TUBB4; Tubulin 5 beta; Tubulin beta-4 chain; TBB4A_HUMAN; Tubulin beta-4A chain.
literatures	Specific References  (22)     |     SL4511R has been referenced in 22 publications. [IF=19.227] Xin Zhou. et al. ACSL4 promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by regulating lipid metabolism and VGLL4 expression. BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN. 2023 Mar;109:331  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36791893 [IF=16.744] Rui Liu. et al. Engineered stem cell biomimetic liposomes carrying levamisole for macrophage immunity reconstruction in leukemia therapy. CHEM ENG J. 2022 Nov;447:137582  WB ;  Rat.   PubMed:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137582 [IF=6.583] Wu MM et al. Lovastatin attenuates renal tubule‐specific ABCA1 knockout‐induced hypertension by inhibiting the epithelial sodium channel. Br J Pharmacol. 2019 Jun 21.  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:31222723 [IF=6.208] Jia-Ming Zou. et al. Lysine Deprivation Regulates Npy Expression via GCN2 Signaling Pathway in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi). INT J MOL SCI. 2022 Jan;23(12):6727  WB ;  Fish.   PubMed:35743178 [IF=5.157] Ge Liu. et al. Marine bacterial exopolysaccharide EPS11 inhibits migration and invasion of liver cancer cells by directly targeting collagen I. J Biol Chem. 2021 Aug;:101133  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:34461092 [IF=5.135] Qiuling Wang. et al. Lysine regulates TOR and NPY through taste receptor T1R1 in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). AQUACULTURE. 2022 Oct;559:738445  WB ;  Fish.   PubMed:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738445 [IF=4.88] Fang Q et al. Evaluation of a hybrid small caliber vascular graft in rabbit model.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Mar 6. pii: S0022-5223(19)30550-1.  WB ;  Rabbit.   PubMed:30981517 [IF=4.106] Nikonorova IA et al. Age modulates liver responses to asparaginase-induced amino acid stress in mice. J Biol Chem. 2019 Aug 14. pii: jbc.RA119.009864.  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:31413113 [IF=3.412] Ping Jiang. et al. Transcriptomic Analysis of Short/Branched-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme a Dehydrogenase Knocked Out bMECs Revealed Its Regulatory Effect on Lipid Metabolism. Front Vet Sci. 2021; 8: 744287  WB ;  bovine.   PubMed:34557544 [IF=3.337] Ziyu Meng. et al. Sesamin promotes apoptosis and pyroptosis via autophagy to enhance antitumour effects on murine T-cell lymphoma. J Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Nov;147:260  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:34507635 [IF=3.266] Ma Q et al. Vitamin B5 inhibit RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy induced osteoporosis by scavenging ROS generation. Am J Transl Res. 2019 Aug 15;11(8):5008-5018. eCollection 2019.  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:31497217 [IF=3.115] Sun F et al. PKA/β2-AR-Gs/Gi signaling pathway is associated with anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of Fuzi and Banxia combination on rats subjected to pressure overload. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 May 10;235:375-384.  WB ;  Rat.   PubMed:30738114 [IF=2.894] Haixiu Ma. et al. Photodynamic effect of chlorin e6 on cytoskeleton protein of human colon cancer SW480 cells. Photodiagn Photodyn. 2021 Mar;33:102201  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:33529743 [IF=2.7] Peng, Wang, et al. "Attenuation of specific CTL responses by highly efficient transduction of the recombinant adenovirus expressing His-tag-ICP47 fusion gene." Life Science Journal 10.1 (2013).  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:Life Science Journal 10.1 (2013) [IF=2.656] Liu et al. Effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 on apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells. (2018) Onco.Targets.Ther. 11:6569-6577  WB ;   PubMed:30323629 [IF=2.323] Mengyan Wang. et al. Analysis of the Bovine DLK1 Gene Polymorphism and Its Relation to Lipid Metabolism in Chinese Simmental. Animals-Basel. 2020 Jun;10(6):923  WB ;  Bovine.   PubMed:32466491 [IF=2.11] Yan, Lijie, et al. "Regulator of calcineurin 1-1L protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via mitophagy." Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 64.4 (2014): 310-317.  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:24887685 [IF=2.1] Li, Xinxin, et al. "Long-term thermal manipulation in the late incubation period can inhibit breast muscle development by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in duck (Anasplatyrhynchos domestica)." Journal of thermal biology 70.Pt B (2017): 37.  WB ;  Other Species.   PubMed:29108556 [IF=2.055] Li-Hua Muet al. Antiangiogenic effects of AG36, a triterpenoid saponin from Ardisia gigantifolia stapf. J Nat Med . 2020 Sep;74(4):732-740.  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:32643027 [IF=1.723] Dr. Xiaoli Wang. et al. HIV-1 Tat protein-mediated inflammatory response inhibits the erythroid hematopoietic support function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. AIDS RES HUM RETROV. 2022 Aug 16  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:35972747 [IF=1.72] Li, Xinxin, et al. "Follistatin could promote the proliferation of duck primary myoblasts by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling." Bioscience Reports (2014).  WB ;   PubMed:25200144 [IF=0] 朱镕鑫, et al. "Ghrelin 信号通路在有氧运动对高胆固醇血症小鼠心肌损伤保护中的作用."  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:中国科技论文在线
Product Type	Internal reference anti
Research Area	immunology  Neurobiology  Cytoskeleton
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse, Rat,  (predicted: Rabbit, )
Applications	WB=1:5000-20000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 Flow-Cyt=1ug/Test IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	50kDa
Cellular localization	cytoplasmic
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human tubulin Beta: 61-160/444
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Microtubules are constituent parts of the mitotic apparatus, cilia, flagella, and elements of the cytoskeleton. They consist principally of 2 soluble proteins, alpha- and beta-tubulin, each of about 55,000 kDa. Antibodies against beta Tubulin are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting. However it should be noted that levels of beta Tubulin may not be stable in certain cells. For example, expression of tubulin in adipose tissue is very low (Spiegelman and Farmer, Cell, 1982, 29(1):53-60) and therefore beta Tubulin should not be used as loading control for these tissues. Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. Subunit: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. May interact with RNABP10 (By similarity). Interacts with PIFO. Interacts with MX1 (By similarity). Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Tissue Specificity: Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain. Post-translational modifications: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules (Probable). Similarity: Belongs to the tubulin family. SWISS: P07437 Gene ID: 203068 Database links: Entrez Gene: 203068 Human Omim: 191130 Human SwissProt: P07437 Human SwissProt: P99024 Mouse SwissProt: P69897 Rat 结构蛋白（Structural Proteins） tubulin是一种大量存在于哺乳动物脑组织中的微管亚基蛋白，在结构上是由两个极为相近的α和β亚基组成的二聚体、多聚体形成微管细丝，是微管的主要成分。 微管蛋白是球形分子, 有两种类型:α微管蛋白(α-tubulin)货号：SL0195R和β微管蛋白(β-tubulin), 这两种微管蛋白具有相似的三维结构, 能够紧密地结合成二聚体, 作为微管组装的亚基。 α亚基由450个氨基酸组成, β亚基是由455个氨基酸组成, 这两种亚基有35～40%的氨基酸序列同源, 表明编码它们的基因可能是由同一原始祖先演变而来.
Product Picture	Sample: Cerebrum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/1000~20000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Sample: Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/1000~20000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Sample: MDA-MB-231 (Human) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/2000~20000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Sample: Brain (mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Heart (mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- beta tubulin(SL4511R)at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Sample: Brain (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Heart (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: HRP conjugated Goat-Anti-rabbit IgG (SL0295G-HRP) at 1/5000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 50 kD Sample: Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Cerebrum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Sample: Cerebrum (Mouse)Cell Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55kD Sample: Lane 1: Mouse Cerebrum tissue lysates Lane 2: Rat Cerebrum tissue lysates Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin/HRP (SL4511R-HRP) at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 52 kD Sample: Heart (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug MCF-7 Cell (Human) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: HRP conjugated Goat-Anti-rabbit IgG (SL0295G-HRP) at 1/5000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Sample: Spleen (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- Beta tubulin (SL4511R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 55 kD Observed band size: 55 kD Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse kidney); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Incubation with (Beta tubulin (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Human kidney); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Incubation with (Beta tubulin (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse cerebellum); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat cerebellum); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin (Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin ) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse cerebellum); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin(Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin(Loading Control)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat ovary); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat ovary); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse ovary); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat heart); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse ovary); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat pancreas); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Beta tubulin) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL4511R) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. 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