Product Name	GAPDH
Chinese Name	3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶抗体
Alias	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
literatures	Specific References  (11)     |     SL41373R has been referenced in 11 publications. [IF=10.753] Xiaoyu Wang. et al. The key role of proteostasis at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in vanadium-induced nephrotoxicity using a proteomic strategy. SCI TOTAL ENVIRON. 2023 Apr;869:161741  WB ;  Duck.   PubMed:36693574 [IF=6.388] Junjun Ling. et al. Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, increases the sensitivity of chemoresistant head and neck carcinoma cells to cisplatin possibly through HSP90AA1/IL-17 pathway. PHYTOTHER RES. 2023 Jan;:  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:36631292 [IF=6.317] Zheng Ran. et al. Microbiome–metabolomics analysis reveals the potential effect of verbascoside in alleviating cognitive impairment in db/db mice. FOOD FUNCT. 2023 Mar;:  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:37000613 [IF=6.317] Shiqing Sun. et al. Pharmacodynamic structure of deer antler base protein and its mammary gland hyperplasia inhibition mechanism by mediating Raf-1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway activation. FOOD FUNCT. 2023 Mar;:  WB ;  Rat.   PubMed:36939833 [IF=5.016] Min-Lin He. et al. Screening and characterization of a novel efficient tumor cell-targeting peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. J DRUG TARGET. 2023 Mar 28  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:36974745 [IF=4.501] Jia-Lin Wang. et al. Silencing UBQLN2 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) via Activating p38 MAPK. J ONCOL. 2023 Jan 05;2023:2339732  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:36644234 [IF=4.047] Xiangdong Tian. et al. Tumor dormancy is closely related to prognosis prediction and tumor immunity in neuroblastoma.. TRANSL PEDIATR. 2023 Mar;12(3):445-461  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:37035400 [IF=4.014] Peng Wang. et al. ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION LEVEL OF ACE POLYMORPHISMS WITH EGG-LAYING TRAIT IN TAIHANG CHICKEN. POULTRY SCIENCE. 2022 Sep;:102163  WB ;  Chicken.   PubMed:36163094 [IF=3.752] Xiaojuan Yang. et al. Probiotic powder ameliorates colorectal cancer by regulating Bifidobacterium animalis, Clostridium cocleatum, and immune cell composition. PLOS ONE. 2023 Mar;18(3):e0277155  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36913356 [IF=3.25] Shanshan Zhao. et al. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Radiotracer 125I-rIL-27 to Monitor Allotransplant Rejection by Specifically Targeting IL-27Rα. MOL IMAGING. 2023;2023:4200142  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:10.1155/2023/4200142 [IF=2.742] Yu, ShuJun. et al. Low temperature plasma protects against inflammatory agents-mediated dysfunction of theca cells via enhancing MANF expression. MOL BIOL REP. 2023 Jan;:1-13  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36689049
Product Type	Internal reference anti
Research Area	Cell biology  immunology
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse, Rat, Hamster,
Applications	WB=1:5000-40000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	37kDa
Cellular localization	The nucleus cytoplasmic The cell membrane
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	Recombinant mouse GAPDH protein: 1-333/333
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. It catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, thereversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatein the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Recent evidence suggests that it also is involved in a number of cellular processes such as membrane fusion, phosphotransferase activity, DNA replication and repair, and nuclear RNA export (1). GAPDH has also been implicated in playing a role in different pathologies such as cancer progression, apoptosis, and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease (2). GAPDH is constitutively expressed at high levels in almost all tissues and cell lines making it ideal for use as a loading control marker in immunoblots. Function: Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Subunit: Homotetramer. Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct. Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation. Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation. Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS. Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Note=Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal. Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions. Post-translational modifications: S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus. ISGylated (Probable). Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity. Similarity: Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. SWISS: P04406 Gene ID: 2597 Database links: Entrez Gene: 2597 Human Entrez Gene: 100042025 Mouse Entrez Gene: 14433 Mouse Entrez Gene: 24383 Rat Entrez Gene: 685186 Rat Omim: 138400 Human SwissProt: P04406 Human SwissProt: P16858 Mouse SwissProt: P04797 Rat Unigene: 544577 Human Unigene: 592355 Human Unigene: 598320 Human Unigene: 304088 Mouse Unigene: 129558 Rat Unigene: 91450 Rat 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）是糖酵解（glycolysis）过程中的关键酶。除了在胞质中作为糖酵解的酶以外，有证据表明哺乳动物细胞中的GAPDH参与了多种胞内生化过程，包括膜融合（membrane fusion）、微管成束（microtubule bundling）、磷酸转移酶（phosphotransferase）激活、核内RNA出核、DNA复制与DNA修复。一些生理因素，诸如低氧（hypoxia）和尿糖（diabetes），可以增加GAPDH在特定细胞中的表达。GAPDH存在于几乎所有的组织中，以高水平持续表达。 GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶）是参与糖酵解的一种关键酶，由4个30－40kDa的亚基组 GAPDH蛋白几乎在所有组织中都高水平表达，广泛用作Western blot蛋白质标准化的内参,是很好的Internal reference anti。 GAPDH 作为管家基因在同种细胞或者组织中的蛋白质表达量一般是恒定的。在实验中，可能存在总蛋白浓度测定不准确；或者蛋白质样品在电泳前上样时产生的样品间的操作误差；这些误差需要通过测定每个样品中实际转到膜上的GAPDH的含量来进行校正，所以一般的western实验都需要进行内参设置。具体校正的方法就是将每个样品测得的目的蛋白含量与本样品的GAPDH含量相除，得到每个样品目的蛋白的相对含量。然后才进行样品与样品之间的比较。
Product Picture	Sample: Lane 1: Human 293T cell lysates Lane 2: Human Hela cell lysates Lane 3: Human SH-SY5Y cell lysates Lane 4: Mouse 4T1 cell lysates Lane 5: Mouse NIH/3T3 cell lysates Lane 6: Hamster CHO cell lysates Lane 7: Rat Cerebrum tissue lysates Primary: Anti-GAPDH (SL41373R) at 1/10000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 36 kDa Observed band size: 36 kDa Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human lung carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human liver); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human colon carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat pancreas); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat heart); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat spleen); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse testis); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse heart); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse spleen); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat colon); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL41373R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Measured by its binding ability in a indirect ELISA. Immobilized Mouse GAPDH protein, His Tag (Cat. SL41373P) at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind  Rabbit Anti-Mouse GAPDH Antibody, the EC50 is 99.21 ng/mL.

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