Product Name	Phospho-PKR (Thr451)
Chinese Name	磷酸化Interferon诱导的双链RNA活化蛋白激酶抗体
Alias	PKR (phospho T451); p-PKR (phospho T451); PKR (Phospho-Thr451); double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform a; protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent; interferon-inducible elF2alpha kinase; double stranded RNA activated protein kinase; p68 kinase; eIF-2A protein kinase 2; P1/eIF-2A protein kinase; protein kinase RNA-activated; interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase; EIF2AK2; EIF2AK1; MGC126524; PKR; PRKRv.
literatures	Specific References  (1)     |     SL3336R has been referenced in 1 publications. [IF=6.8] Lu, Danli. et al. Melatonin Offers Dual-Phase Protection to Brain Vessel Endothelial Cells in Prolonged Cerebral Ischemia-Recanalization Through Ameliorating ER Stress and Resolving Refractory Stress Granule. TRANSL STROKE RES. 2022 Oct;:1-19  WB, IP ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36181629
Product Type	Phosphorylated anti
Research Area	Tumour  immunology  Signal transduction  transcriptional regulatory factor  Kinases and Phosphatases
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse,
Applications	WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 ICC=1:100 IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	62kDa
Cellular localization	The nucleus cytoplasmic
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human PKR around the phosphorylation site of Thr451: KG(p-T)LR
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	PKR is an interferon-inducible serine/threonine specific protein kinase. It is widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms and activated by double stranded RNA. Activation of PKR by dsRNAs leads to autophosphorylation at multiple sites. Phosphorylation of Thr446 and Thr451 in the PKR activation loop is required in vivo and in vitro for high level kinase activity. PKR phosphorylates its natural substrate, the alpha subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (EIF2 alpha), leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. PKR is also involved in TLR signaling and mediates apoptosis in fibroblasts in response to viral infection and inflammatory cytokines, and also activates IKK and NFKB, thereby suppressing apoptosis. Recently, it has been reported that PKR also phosphorylates human p53 on serine 392. PKR might play a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer cases show prominent PKR activation in association with neuritic plaques and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and neocortex. Function: Following activation by double-stranded RNA in the presence of ATP, the kinase becomes autophosphorylated and can catalyze the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor EIF2S1, which leads to an inhibition of the initiation of protein synthesis. Double-stranded RNA is generated during the course of a viral infection. In adddition to serine/threonine-protein kinase activity, also has tyrosine-protein kinase activity: phosphorylates CDK1 upon DNA damage. CDK1 phosphorylation triggers CDK1 polyubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis, thus leading to G2 arrest. Subunit: Homodimer. Interacts with STRBP (By similarity). Interacts with DNAJC3. Inhibited by direct interaction with viral proteins such as HCV E2, HCV NS5A and influenza A NS1. Activated by the interaction with HIV-1 Tat (By similarity). Forms a complex with FANCA, FANCC, FANCG and HSP70. Post-translational modifications: Autophosphorylated on several Ser and Thr residues. Autophosphorylation of Thr-451 is dependent on Thr-446 and is stimulated by dsRNA binding and dimerization. Autophosphorylation apparently leads to the activation of the kinase. Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GCN2 subfamily. Contains 2 DRBM (double-stranded RNA-binding) domains. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. SWISS: P19525 Gene ID: 5610 Database links: Entrez Gene: 5610 Human Omim: 176871 Human SwissProt: P19525 Human Unigene: 131431 Human 蛋白激酶R/双链RNA依赖蛋白激酶（PKR）是一种Interferon诱导的、双链RNA激活的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶, PKR在Signal transduction、细胞生长、分化和凋亡的控制中起重要作用.也有人认为：PKR是一个重要的凋亡效应物,是许多不同刺激物诱导凋亡的一个转导物。
Product Picture	Sample: Liver (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- p-PKR (Thr451) (SL3336R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 62 kD Observed band size: 62 kD Sample: Spleen (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- p-PKR(Thr451) (SL3336R)at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 62 kD Observed band size: 62 kD Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Human colon carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by microwave in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) ; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes; Blocking buffer (3% BSA) at RT for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Phospho-PKR (Thr451)) Polyclonal /Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL3336R) at 1:400 overnight at 4℃, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody (labeled with HRP)and DAB staining. Hela cell; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed; Triton X-100 at room temperature for 20 min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum, C-0005) at 37°C for 20 min; Antibody incubation with (Phospho-PKR (Thr451)) polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL3336R) 1:100, 90 minutes at 37°C; followed by a conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG antibody at 37°C for 90 minutes, DAPI (blue, C02-04002) was used to stain the cell nuclei.

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