Product Name	Phospho-H2AX (Ser139)
Chinese Name	磷酸化组蛋白H2AX抗体
Alias	Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser140); H2AX_HUMAN; 2A.X variant histone; H2A.X; H2A/X; H2AFX; Histone H2AX;
literatures	Specific References  (21)     |     SL3185R has been referenced in 21 publications. [IF=14.588] Donglin Xia. et al. Au–Hemoglobin Loaded Platelet Alleviating Tumor Hypoxia and Enhancing the Radiotherapy Effect with Low-Dose X-ray. Acs Nano. 2020;14(11):15654–15668  IF ;  Mouse.   PubMed:33108152 [IF=12.279] Zhang Q et al. Photoactivatable Prodrug-Backboned Polymeric Nanoparticles for Efficient Light-Controlled Gene Delivery and Synergistic Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Nano Lett. 2020 Apr 9.  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:32250633 [IF=11.501] Sun Yuhuan. et al. Near-infrared-traceable DNA nano-hydrolase: specific eradication of telomeric G-overhang in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Sep;48(17):9986-9994  other ;   PubMed:32853337 [IF=10.435] Yang, Xiao-Xin. et al. A nanoreactor boosts chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis for synergistic cancer therapy using molecular amplifier dihydroartemisinin. J NANOBIOTECHNOL. 2022 Dec;20(1):1-19  WB,ICC ;  Mouse.   PubMed:35568865 [IF=6.656] Ning Han. et al. Dihydroartemisinin elicits immunogenic death through ferroptosis-triggered ER stress and DNA damage for lung cancer immunotherapy. PHYTOMEDICINE. 2023 Jan;:154682  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36739636 [IF=5.988] Liu-Gen Li. et al. Dihydroartemisinin remodels macrophage into an M1 phenotype via ferroptosis-mediated DNA damage. FRONT PHARMACOL. 2022; 13: 949835  WB, IHC ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36034842 [IF=5.875] Yuan SJ. et al. Conjugation with nanodiamonds via hydrazone bond fundamentally alters intracellular distribution and activity of doxorubicin.. Int J Pharmaceut. 2021 Jul;606:120872-120872  WB,IF,IHC,FC ;  Mouse.   PubMed:34246743 [IF=5.81] Yu TT. et al. Chlorin e6-Induced Photodynamic Effect Polarizes the Macrophage Into an M1 Phenotype Through Oxidative DNA Damage and Activation of STING.. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar;13:837784-837784  WB,IHC ;  Mouse.   PubMed:35308251 [IF=5.714] Ting-Ting Yu. et al. Chlorin e6-induced photodynamic effect facilitates immunogenic cell death of lung cancer as a result of oxidative endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA damage. INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL. 2023 Feb;115:109661  WB,IF ;  Mouse,Human.   PubMed:36608440 [IF=5.344] Li na Wang. et al. Fighting against Drug‐Resistant Tumors by Inhibition of γ-Glutamyl Transferase with Supramolecular Platinum Prodrug Nano-Assemblies. 2021 May 06  IHC ;  Mouse.   PubMed:34059856 [IF=5.168] Shi et al. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy-dependent death in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through DNA double-strand break-mediated oxidative stress. (2017) Oncotarget. 8:45981-45993  IF(ICC) ;  Human.   PubMed:28526807 [IF=5.076] Liu Yahong. et al. Preclinical Evaluation of Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Mechanism of Radioprotective Agent HL-003. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:6683836  IF ;  Mouse.   PubMed:33688393 [IF=4.432] Ning Han. et al. Ferroptosis triggered by dihydroartemisinin facilitates chlorin e6 induced photodynamic therapy by inhibiting GPX4 and enhancing ROS. Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;:174797  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:35122867 [IF=4.427] Zhang J et al. Silica nanoparticles induce abnormal mitosis and apoptosis via PKC-δ mediated negative signaling pathway in GC-2 cells of mice. Chemosphere,2018 208, 942–950.  ICC ;  Mouse.   PubMed:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.178 [IF=3.61] Wang L et al. Antimalarial Dihydroartemisinin Triggers Autophagy within HeLa Cells of Human Cervical Cancer through Bcl-2 Phosphorylation at Ser70. (2018) Phytomedicine. 7113(18)30503-8  WB, IF ;   PubMed:doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.221 [IF=3.577] Siyun Lei. et al. PARP inhibitors intervene DNA damage repair for the enhancement of tumor photodynamic therapy. PHOTODIAGN PHOTODYN. 2022 Aug;:103058  IF ;  Mouse.   PubMed:35944846 [IF=3.577] Yuan-Jian Hui. et al. Up-regulation of ABCG2 by MYBL2 deletion drives Chlorin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy resistance in colorectal cancer. PHOTODIAGN PHOTODYN. 2023 Apr;:103558  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:37030434 [IF=3.53] Song, Xiufang, et al. "An unpredicted downregulation of RAD51 suggests genome instability induced by tetrachlorobenzoquinone." Chemical Research in Toxicology (2016).  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:27989139 [IF=2.976] Chen X et al. Reactive oxygen species induced by icaritin promote DNA strand breaks and apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells.(2019)Oncol Rep. Feb;41(2):765-778.  IF ;   PubMed:30431140 [IF=2.5] Shi, Xin-li, et al. "Nutlin-3-induced redistribution of chromatin-bound IFI16 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro is associated with p53 activation." Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2015).  Human.   PubMed:25544361 [IF=0.439] Cui X et al. DNA damage and necroptosis induced by peroxidase from proso millet in human colorectal cancer cells. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2019 May ; 18 (5): 975-983  ICF ;  Human.   PubMed:ISSN:1596-5996
Product Type	Phosphorylated anti
Research Area	Tumour  Cell biology  immunology  Chromatin and nuclear signals  Signal transduction  transcriptional regulatory factor  Epigenetics
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human,  (predicted: Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow, Horse, Rabbit, )
Applications	WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 Flow-Cyt=2ug/Test ICC=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	16kDa
Cellular localization	The nucleus
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human Histone H2AX around the phosphorylation site of Tyr139: QA(p-S)QE
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A family, and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. Function: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation. Subunit: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts with numerous proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair when phosphorylated on Ser-140. These include MDC1, TP53BP1, BRCA1 and the MRN complex, composed of MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN. Interaction with the MRN complex is mediated at least in part by NBN. Also interacts with DHX9/NDHII when phosphorylated on Ser-140 and MCPH1 when phosphorylated at Ser-140 or Tyr-143. Interacts with ARRB2; the interaction is detected in the nucleus upon OR1D2 stimulation. Subcellular Location: Nucleus. Chromosome. Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylated on Ser-140 (to form gamma-H2AFX or H2AX139ph) in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks, and may also occur during meiotic recombination events and immunoglobulin class switching in lymphocytes. Phosphorylation can extend up to several thousand nucleosomes from the actual site of the DSB and may mark the surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair. Widespread phosphorylation may also serve to amplify the damage signal or aid repair of persistent lesions. Phosphorylation of Ser-140 (H2AX139ph) in response to ionizing radiation is mediated by both ATM and PRKDC while defects in DNA replication induce Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) subsequent to activation of ATR and PRKDC. Dephosphorylation of Ser-140 by PP2A is required for DNA DSB repair. In meiosis, Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may occur at synaptonemal complexes during leptotene as an ATM-dependent response to the formation of programmed DSBs by SPO11. Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may subsequently occurs at unsynapsed regions of both autosomes and the XY bivalent during zygotene, downstream of ATR and BRCA1 activation. Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may also be required for transcriptional repression of unsynapsed chromatin and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), whereby the X and Y chromosomes condense in pachytene to form the heterochromatic XY-body. During immunoglobulin class switch recombination in lymphocytes, Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may occur at sites of DNA-recombination subsequent to activation of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase AICDA. Phosphorylation at Tyr-143 (H2AXY142ph) by BAZ1B/WSTF determines the relative recruitment of either DNA repair or pro-apoptotic factors. Phosphorylation at Tyr-143 (H2AXY142ph) favors the recruitment of APBB1/FE65 and pro-apoptosis factors such as MAPK8/JNK1, triggering apoptosis. In contrast, dephosphorylation of Tyr-143 by EYA proteins (EYA1, EYA2, EYA3 or EYA4) favors the recruitment of MDC1-containing DNA repair complexes to the tail of phosphorylated Ser-140 (H2AX139ph). Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AXK119ub) by RING1 and RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression (By similarity). Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 ligase UBE2N and the E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168, leading to the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. Ubiquitination at Lys-14 and Lys-16 (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub, respectively) in response to DNA damage is initiated by RNF168 that mediates monoubiquitination at these 2 sites, and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin are then conjugated to monoubiquitin; RNF8 is able to extend 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains in vitro. H2AK119Ub and ionizing radiation-induced 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination (H2AK13Ub and H2AK15Ub) are distinct events. Acetylation at Lys-37 increases in S and G2 phases. This modification has been proposed to play a role in DNA double-strand break repair. Similarity: Belongs to the histone H2A family. SWISS: P16104 Gene ID: 3014 Database links: Entrez Gene: 3014 Human Entrez Gene: 15270 Mouse Entrez Gene: 500987 Rat Omim: 601772 Human SwissProt: P16104 Human SwissProt: P27661 Mouse Unigene: 477879 Human Unigene: 245931 Mouse Unigene: 2850 Rat H2AX蛋白属于组蛋白一族，组蛋白参与细胞内DNA的组合、包装.
Product Picture	Tissue/cell: human bladder carcinoma; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; Incubation: Anti-Phospho-Histone H2A.X(Ser139) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL3185R) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining Blank control:Molt4. Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) antibody (SL3152R) Dilution: 1μg /10^6 cells; Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG . Secondary Antibody : Goat anti-rabbit IgG-APC Dilution: 1μg /test. Protocol The cells were fixed with 4% PFA (10min at room temperature)and then permeabilized with 90% ice-cold methanol for 20 min at-20℃. The cells were then incubated in 5%BSA to block non-specific protein-protein interactions for 30 min at room temperature .Cells stained with Primary Antibody for 30 min at room temperature. The secondary antibody used for 40 min at room temperature. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed. Blank control:Hela. Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) antibody (SL3185R) Dilution: 2μg /10^6 cells; Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG . Secondary Antibody : Goat anti-rabbit IgG-FITC Dilution: 1μg /test. Protocol The cells were fixed with 4% PFA (10min at room temperature)and then permeabilized with 90% ice-cold methanol for 20 min at -20℃. The cells were then incubated in 5%BSA to block non-specific protein-protein interactions for 30 min at room temperature .Cells stained with Primary Antibody for 30 min at room temperature. The secondary antibody used for 40 min at room temperature. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed.

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