Product Name	phosphos-PCNA (Tyr211)
Chinese Name	磷酸化增殖The nucleus抗原抗体
Alias	PCNA (phospho Y211); p-PCNA (phospho Y211); PCNA(Tyr211); PCNA; Cyclin; DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein; HGCN8729; MGC8367; Mutagen-sensitive 209 protein; Pcna/cyclin; PCNAR; Polymerase delta accessory protein; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; PCNA_HUMAN.
Research Area	Cell biology  Apoptosis  transcriptional regulatory factor  Cell type markers
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse,  (predicted: Rat, Chicken, Cow, Rabbit, Sheep, )
Applications	ELISA=1:5000-10000 Flow-Cyt=1μg /test ICC=1:100  not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	29kDa
Cellular localization	The nucleus
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human PCNA around the phosphorylation site of Tyr211: LR(p-Y)LN
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 28kDa nuclear protein associated with the cell cycle, a nuclear protein vital for cellular DNA synthesis. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was originally identified by immunofluorescence as a nuclear protein whose appearance correlated with the proliferate state of the cell. PCNA is required for replication of DNA in vitro and has been identified as the auxiliary protein (cofactor) for DNA polymerase delta. The anti-PCNA antibodies react with the nuclei of proliferating cells. PCNA is essential for cellular DNA synthesis and is also required for the in vitro replication of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA where it acts to coordinate leading and lagging strand synthesis at the replication fork. The PCNA protein may fulfil several separate roles in the cell nucleus associated with changes in its antigenic structure. Function: Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance pathways. Acts as a loading platform to recruit DDR proteins that allow completion of DNA replication after DNA damage and promote postreplication repair: Monoubiquitinated PCNA leads to recruitment of translesion (TLS) polymerases, while 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA is involved in error-free pathway and employs recombination mechanisms to synthesize across the lesion. Subunit: Homotrimer (By similarity). Forms a complex with activator 1 heteropentamer in the presence of ATP. Interacts with EXO1, POLH, POLK, DNMT1, ERCC5, FEN1, CDC6 and POLDIP2. Interacts with APEX2; this interaction is triggered by reactive oxygen species and increased by misincorporation of uracil in nuclear DNA. Forms a ternary complex with DNTTIP2 and core histone. Interacts with KCTD10 and PPP1R15A (By similarity). Interacts with POLD1, POLD3 and POLD4. Interacts with BAZ1B; the interaction is direct. Interacts with HLTF and SHPRH. Interacts with NUDT15. Interaction is disrupted in response to UV irradiation and acetylation. Interacts with CDKN1A/p21(CIP1) and CDT1; interacts via their PIP-box which also recruits the DCX(DTL) complex. Interacts with DDX11. Interacts with EGFR; positively regulates PCNA. Interacts with PARPBP. Interacts (when ubiquitinated) with SPRTN; leading to enhance RAD18-mediated PCNA ubiquitination. Interacts (when polyubiquitinated) with ZRANB3. Interacts with SMARCAD1. Interacts with CDKN1C. Interacts with KIAA0101/PAF15 (via PIP-box). Subcellular Location: Nucleus. Note=Forms nuclear foci representing sites of ongoing DNA replication and vary in morphology and number during S phase. Together with APEX2, is redistributed in discrete nuclear foci in presence of oxidative DNA damaging agents. Post-translational modifications: Following DNA damage, can be either monoubiquitinated to stimulate direct bypass of DNA lesions by specialized DNA polymerases or polyubiquitinated to promote recombination-dependent DNA synthesis across DNA lesions by template switching mechanisms. Following induction of replication stress, monoubiquitinated by the UBE2B-RAD18 complex on Lys-164, leading to recruit translesion (TLS) polymerases, which are able to synthesize across DNA lesions in a potentially error-prone manner. An error-free pathway also exists and requires non-canonical polyubiquitination on Lys-164 through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 complex UBE2N-UBE2V2 and the E3 ligases, HLTF, RNF8 and SHPRH. This error-free pathway, also known as template switching, employs recombination mechanisms to synthesize across the lesion, using as a template the undamaged, newly synthesized strand of the sister chromatid. Monoubiquitination at Lys-164 also takes place in undamaged proliferating cells, and is mediated by the DCX(DTL) complex, leading to enhance PCNA-dependent translesion DNA synthesis. Sumoylated during S phase. Acetylated in response to UV irradiation. Acetylation disrupts interaction with NUDT15 and promotes degradation. Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at Tyr-211 by EGFR stabilizes chromatin-associated PCNA. Similarity: Belongs to the PCNA family. SWISS: P12004 Gene ID: 5111 Database links: Entrez Gene: 515499 Cow Entrez Gene: 5111 Human Entrez Gene: 18538 Mouse Entrez Gene: 25737 Rat Omim: 176740 Human SwissProt: Q3ZBW4 Cow SwissProt: P12004 Human SwissProt: P17918 Mouse SwissProt: P04961 Rat Unigene: 147433 Human Unigene: 728886 Human Unigene: 7141 Mouse Unigene: 223 Rat PCNA(又称：Cyclin)是一种仅在增殖细胞中合成或表达的核内多肽，其表达和合成与细胞周期有关。主要表达于增殖细胞的S期、G1期和G2初期。 PCNA主要作为判断各种恶性Tumour(包括胃肠道癌肿、乳腺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌等)细胞增殖和其恶性程度的一种指标.
Product Picture	HepG2 cell; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed; Triton X-100 at room temperature for 20 min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum, C-0005) at 37°C for 20 min; Antibody incubation with (phosphos-PCNA (Tyr211)) polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL2215R) 1:100, 90 minutes at 37°C; followed by a conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG antibody at 37°C for 90 minutes, DAPI (blue, C02-04002) was used to stain the cell nuclei. Blank control (blue line): U251 (fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (10 min)and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min at room temperature). Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-PCNA antibody (SL2215R),Dilution: 1μg /10^6 cells; Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG . Secondary Antibody (white blue line): Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE,Dilution: 1μg /test.

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