Product Name	Haptoglobin beta
Chinese Name	结合球蛋白β抗体
Alias	Binding peptide; BP antibody Haptoglobin alpha(1S) beta; Haptoglobin alpha(2FS) beta; Haptoglobin; Haptoglobin beta chain; Haptoglobin beta polypeptide; Haptoglobin, alpha polypeptide; HP antibody HP2ALPHA2; HPA1S; HPT_HUMAN; MGC111141; Zonulin.
literatures	Specific References  (1)     |     SL9888R has been referenced in 1 publications. [IF=0] Román E et al. Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on Cognitive Function and Risk of Falls in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Randomized Trial.Hepatol Commun. 2019 Mar 12;3(5):632-645.  ELISA ;  Human.   PubMed:31061952
Research Area	Cardiovascular  immunology
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human,  (predicted: Mouse, Rat, Dog, Cow, Horse, )
Applications	WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:50-200 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	27/43kDa
Cellular localization	Secretory protein
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human Haptoglobulin beta: 311-406/406
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Haptoglobin (Hp) is a blood plasma protein that functions to bind free Hemoglobin that has been released from erythrocytes, thereby inhibiting its oxidative activity. During this process, Haptoglobin sequesters the iron within Hemoglobin, preventing iron-utilizing bacteria from benefitting from hemolysis. This function suggests that Haptoglobin concentrations may increase in response to inflammation. The resulting Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin complex is then removed by the reticulo-endothelial system. Due to cleavage of a common precursor protein during protein synthesis, Haptoglobin consists of two å and two ∫ chains, connected by disulfide bridges. In human, Haptoglobin exists in two allelic forms designated Haptoglogin 1 (Hp1) and Haptoglobin 2 (Hp2), where Hp2 is the result of a partial Hp1 gene duplication. There are three known phenotypes of human Haptoglobin: Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, which may be associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease pathology and a susceptibility to Parkinson’s and Crohn’s disease. Haptoglobin levels are useful in diagnosing hemolytic anemia, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells. Haptoglobin is expressed in mammalian hepatocytes as well as other tissues such as skin, lung and kidney. Function: As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin, also known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens. Subunit: Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains; disufide-linked. The Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex is composed of a haptoglobin dimer bound to two hemoglobin alpha-beta dimers. Interacts with CD163. Subcellular Location: Secreted. Tissue Specificity: Haptoglobin combines with free plasma hemoglobin, preventing loss of iron through the kidneys and protecting the kidneys from damage by hemoglobin, while making the hemoglobin accessible to degradative enzymes. DISEASE: Defects in HP are the cause of anhaptoglobinemia (AHP) [MIM:614081]. AHP is a condition characterized by the absence of the serum glycoprotein haptoglobin. Serum levels of haptoglobin vary among normal persons: levels are low in the neonatal period and in the elderly, differ by population, and can be influenced by environmental factors, such as infection. Secondary hypohaptoglobinemia can occur as a consequence of hemolysis, during which haptoglobin binds to free hemoglobin. Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain. Contains 2 Sushi (CCP/SCR) domains. SWISS: P00738 Gene ID: 3240 Database links: Entrez Gene: 3240 Human Entrez Gene: 15439 Mouse Entrez Gene: 24464 Rat SwissProt: P00738 Human SwissProt: Q61646 Mouse SwissProt: P06866 Rat

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