Product Name	Glutamine synthetase
Chinese Name	谷氨酰胺合成酶/谷氨酸氨连接酶抗体
Alias	GLUL; cell proliferation-inducing protein 59; GLNA; GLNA_HUMAN; GLNS; Glutamate ammonia ligase; Glutamate decarboxylase; Glutamate--ammonia ligase; glutamine synthase; GS; PIG 43; PIG 59; PIG43; PIG59; Proliferation inducing protein 43.
literatures	Specific References  (2)     |     SL4143R has been referenced in 2 publications. [IF=18.027] Shikai Liu. et al. On-Demand Generation of Peroxynitrite from an Integrated Two-Dimensional System for Enhanced Tumor Therapy. ACS NANO. 2022;XXXX(XXX):XXX-XXX  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:35666853 [IF=3.77] Zhan Xie. et al. A novel model of subretinal edema induced by DL-alpha aminoadipic acid. EXP EYE RES. 2023 Jan;:109388  WB ;  Rabbit,Mouse,Rat.   PubMed:36652968
Research Area	immunology  Neurobiology  Signal transduction  Mitochondrion  Alzheimer's
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human,  (predicted: Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow, Horse, Rabbit, )
Applications	WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	42kDa
Cellular localization	cytoplasmic Mitochondrion
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human Glutamine synthetase: 285-373/373
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Glutamine Synthetase catalyzes the conversion of ammonia and glutamate to glutamine. It is found in astrocytes as an octamer of identical 42 kDa subunits. The function of Glutamine Synthetase is the detoxification of brain ammonia. It also has an important role in the metabolic regulation of neurotransmitter glutamate. Because of the multiple functions and importance of Glutamine Synthetase in cellular metabolism, both catalytic activities and synthesis are highly regulated. The activity of Glutamine Synthetase is controlled by adenylylation. Its activity is decreased in the cerebral cortex of brains affected by Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the vicinity of senile plaques. It is also decreased under conditions of glucose deprivation. The level of expression of Glutamine Synthetase is increased during ischemia in vivo or hypoxia in culture. Function: This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion. DISEASE: Defects in GLUL are the cause of congenital systemic glutamine deficiency (CSGD) [MIM:610015]. CSGD is a rare developmental disorder with severe brain malformation resulting in multi-organ failure and neonatal death. Glutamine is largely absent from affected patients serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Similarity: Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. SWISS: P15104 Gene ID: 2752 Database links: Entrez Gene: 2752 Human Entrez Gene: 281199 Cow Entrez Gene: 403443 Dog Entrez Gene: 14645 Mouse Entrez Gene: 24957 Rat Omim: 138290 Human SwissProt: P15103 Cow SwissProt: Q8HZM5 Dog SwissProt: P15104 Human SwissProt: P15105 Mouse SwissProt: P09606 Rat Unigene: 518525 Human Unigene: 210745 Mouse Unigene: 2204 Rat
Product Picture	Sample: Raji Cell (Human) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- Glutamine synthetase (SL4143R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 42 kD Observed band size: 42 kD Tissue/cell: mouse brain tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; Incubation: Anti-Glutamine synthetase Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL4143R) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining Blank control:Molt-4. Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-Glutamine synthetase antibody (SL4143) Dilution: 1μg /10^6 cells; Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG . Secondary Antibody : Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE Dilution: 1μg /test. Protocol The cells were fixed with 4% PFA (10min at room temperature)and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBST for 20 min at room temperature. The cells were then incubated in 5%BSA to block non-specific protein-protein interactions for 30 min at at room temperature .Cells stained with Primary Antibody for 30 min at room temperature. The secondary antibody used for 40 min at room temperature. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed.

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