Product Name	CTLA4
Chinese Name	细胞毒性T细胞抗原-4（CD152）抗体
Alias	CD 152; CD152; CD152 antigen; Celiac disease 3; CELIAC3; CTLA 4; CTLA-4; Cytotoxic T cell associated 4; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated 4; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated serine esterase 4; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; GSE; IDDM12; CD152 isoform; CTLA4_HUMAN; GRD4; ICOS; Ligand and transmembrane spliced cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4.
literatures	Specific References  (4)     |     SL1179R has been referenced in 4 publications. [IF=4.225] Yu et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 expression in human breast cancer: implications for prognosis. (2015) Cancer.Immunol.Immunothe. 64:853-60  IHC ;  Human.   PubMed:25893809 [IF=3.532] Zengwei Chen. et al. Quantitative analysis of multiple breast cancer biomarkers using DNA-PAINT. ANAL METHODS-UK. 2022 Aug;:  IF ;  Human.   PubMed:36063064 [IF=2.976] Peng Y et al. Sonodynamic therapy improves anti‑tumor immune effect by increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and altering tumor blood vessels in murine B16F10 melanoma xenograft. Oncol Rep. 2018 Oct;40(4):2163-2170.   WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:30106435 [IF=1.39] Lan et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 expression predicts poor prognosis in luminal B HER2-negative breast cancer. (2018) Oncol.Lett. 15:5093-5097  IHC-P ;  Human.   PubMed:29552143
Research Area	Tumour  immunology  lymphocyte  t-lymphocyte
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse,  (predicted: Rat, Rabbit, )
Applications	ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 ICC=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	21kDa
Detection molecular weight	33 kDa
Cellular localization	The cell membrane
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human CTLA-4: 141-223/223 <Cytoplasmic>
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. The protein contains a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and other autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] Function: Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses. The affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28. Subunit: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Binds to CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7.2. Subcellular Location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=Exists primarily an intracellular antigen whose surface expression is tightly regulated by restricted trafficking to the cell surface and rapid internalisation. Tissue Specificity: Widely expressed with highest levels in lymphoid tissues. Detected in activated T-cells where expression levels are 30- to 50-fold less than CD28, the stimulatory coreceptor, on the cell surface following activation. Post-translational modifications: N-glycosylation is important for dimerization. Phosphorylation at Tyr-201 prevents binding to the AP-2 adapter complex, blocks endocytosis, and leads to retention of CTLA4 on the cell surface. DISEASE: Genetic variation in CTLA4 influences susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [MIM:152700]. SLE is a chronic, inflammatory and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue. It affects principally the skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. SLE is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. Note=Genetic variations in CTLA4 may influence susceptibility to Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder associated with overactivity of the thyroid gland and hyperthyroidism. Genetic variation in CTLA4 is the cause of susceptibility to diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 12 (IDDM12) [MIM:601388]. A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Similarity: Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. SWISS: P16410 Gene ID: 1493 Database links: Entrez Gene: 1493 Human Entrez Gene: 100505288 Mouse Entrez Gene: 12477 Mouse Entrez Gene: 63835 Rat Omim: 123890 Human SwissProt: P16410 Human SwissProt: P09793 Mouse Unigene: 247824 Human Unigene: 390 Mouse Unigene: 10259 Rat CTLA4(细胞毒性T细胞抗原4)，CTLA-4是位于Tlymphocyte膜上的跨膜免疫应答受体分子，CTLA-4对Tlymphocyte的活化具有负调控作用，有学者认为；CTLA-4可以参与免疫系统的功能，对Tumour起到有效的抑制作用。

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