Product Name	F2
Chinese Name	异常凝血酶原/脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原抗体
Alias	Des-gamma-carboxy (abnormal)prothrombin; Des-Gamma-carboxy-prothrombin; coagulation factor II (thrombin); Coagulation factor II; DCP; Factor II; Prepro coagulation factor II; Prothrombin; prothrombin B-chain; PT; RPRGL2; serine protease; THPH1; THRB; THRB_HUMAN; Thrombin heavy chain.
Research Area	Tumour
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse, Rat,
Applications	WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 Flow-Cyt=1ug/test IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	70kDa
Cellular localization	cytoplasmic
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human Prothrombin
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), is an abnormal form of the coagulation protein, prothrombin. Normally, the prothrombin precursor undergoes post-translational carboxylation (addition of a carboxylic acid group) by gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in the liver prior to secretion into plasma. DCP/PIVKA-II may be detected in people with deficiency of vitamin K (due to poor nutrition or malabsorption) and in those taking warfarin or other medication that inhibits the action of vitamin K. Function: Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Subunit: Heterodimer (named alpha-thrombin) of a light and a heavy chain; disulfide-linked. Forms a heterodimer with SERPINA5. Subcellular Location: Secreted, extracellular space. Tissue Specificity: Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. Post-translational modifications: The gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues, which bind calcium ions, result from the carboxylation of glutamyl residues by a microsomal enzyme, the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The modified residues are necessary for the calcium-dependent interaction with a negatively charged phospholipid surface, which is essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. N-glycosylated. N-glycan heterogeneity at Asn-121: Hex3HexNAc3 (minor), Hex4HexNAc3 (minor) and Hex5HexNAc4 (major). At Asn-143: Hex4HexNAc3 (minor) and Hex5HexNAc4 (major). Factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679]: A very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]: A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this Thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050]: A multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Pregnancy loss, recurrent, 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390]: A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain. Contains 2 kringle domains. Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain. SWISS: P00734 Gene ID: 2147 正常肝细胞中，在内质网内可将DCP羧化使之成为有活性的凝血酶原，一旦机体需要，凝血酶原即可转变成凝血酶参与机体的各项生理功能，当有Tumour细胞发生时，DCP明显升高。DCP主要用于肝癌方面的研究；有学者认为：联合应用DCP和AFP对于早期诊断HCC（原发性肝细胞癌）有较大的帮助。
Product Picture	Sample: Lane 1: Plasma (Mouse) at 30 ug Lane 2: Plasma (Rat) at 30 ug Primary: Anti-F2 (SL1037R) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 70 kD Observed band size: 75 kD Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human liver carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (DCP) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL1037R) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining. Blank control: Raji. Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-DCP antibody (SL1037R) Dilution: 1μg /10^6 cells; Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG . Secondary Antibody : Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE Dilution: 1μg /test. Protocol The cells were fixed with 4% PFA (10min at room temperature)and then permeabilized with 0.1%PBST for 20 min at room temperature. The cells were then incubated in 5%BSA to block non-specific protein-protein interactions for 30 min at at room temperature .Cells stained with Primary Antibody for 30 min at room temperature. The secondary antibody used for 40 min at room temperature. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed. Blank control: Raji. Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-DCP antibody (SL1037R) Dilution: 1μg /10^6 cells; Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG . Secondary Antibody : Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE Dilution: 1μg /test. Protocol The cells were fixed with 4% PFA (10min at room temperature)and then permeabilized with 0.1%PBST for 20 min at room temperature. The cells were then incubated in 5%BSA to block non-specific protein-protein interactions for 30 min at at room temperature .Cells stained with Primary Antibody for 30 min at room temperature. The secondary antibody used for 40 min at room temperature. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed.

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