Product Name	Tubulin-alpha (Loading Control)
Chinese Name	微管蛋白α/Tubulin α（内参）抗体
Alias	Alpha tubulin 1; Alpha-tubulin 1; Detyrosinated alpha Tubulin; FLJ30169; H2 alpha; TBA4A_HUMAN; Testis specific alpha tubulin; Testis-specific alpha-tubulin; TUBA 4A; TUBA1; Tuba4a; Tubulin alpha 1 (testis specific); Tubulin alpha 1; Tubulin alpha 1 chain; Tubulin alpha 4a; Tubulin alpha 4A chain; Tubulin alpha-1 chain; Tubulin alpha-4A chain; Tubulin H2 alpha; Tubulin H2-alpha; TUBA4A; α-tubulin; α tubulin.
literatures	Specific References  (13)     |     SL0159R has been referenced in 13 publications. [IF=9.995] Meiting Li. et al. Acetylation of p62 regulates base excision repair through interaction with APE1. CELL REP. 2022 Jul;40:111116  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:35858573 [IF=8.713] Zhao-Bo Luo. et al. Fecal transplant from myostatin deletion pigs positively impacts the gut-muscle axis. ELIFE. 2023; 12: e81858  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:37039469 [IF=6.208] Jiashuang Li. et al. Overexpression of Ultrabithorax Changes the Development of Silk Gland and the Expression of Fibroin Genes in Bombyx mori. INT J MOL SCI. 2023 Jan;24(7):6670  WB ;  Bombyx mori.   PubMed:37047645 [IF=3.654] Shu-Ting Miao. et al. Oral administration of octacosanol modulates the gut bacteria and protects the intestinal barrier in ulcerative colitis mice. J FOOD BIOCHEM. 2022 Jun 23  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:35746852 [IF=3.575] Li He. et al. NETs promote pathogenic cardiac fibrosis and participate in ventricular aneurysm formation after ischemia injury through the facilitation of perivascular fibrosis. Biochem Bioph Res Co. 2021 Dec;583:154  WB ;  Rat.   PubMed:34735877 [IF=3.53] Adil Hassan et al. Anti-atherosclerotic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 in ApoE −/− mice through modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Jul;104(14):6337-6350.  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:32472174 [IF=2.942] Li X et al. MicroRNA-33a negatively regulates myoblast proliferation by targeting IGF1, follistatin and cyclin D1. Biosci Rep. 2020 Jun 26;40(6):BSR20191327.  WB ;  Duck.   PubMed:32436962 [IF=2.66] Du et al. Silencing of the TPM1 gene induces radioresistance of glioma U251 cells. (2015) Oncol.Re. 33:2807-14  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:25873252 [IF=2.19] Wang, Jin, et al. "Clinical and tumor significance of tropomyosin-1 expression levels in renal cell carcinoma." Oncology Reports 33.3 (2015): 1326-1334.  other ;   PubMed:25607530 [IF=1.994] YING-HAO HAN. et al. Peroxiredoxin II Inhibits Alcohol-induced Apoptosis in L02 Hepatocytes Through AKT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Res. 2020 Aug;40(8):4491-4504  WB ;  Human.   PubMed:32727779 [IF=1.81] FANG, Wan‐Ping, et al. "Differentially Expression of Tua 1, a Tubulin‐encoding Gene, during Flowering of Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Using cDNA Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Technique." Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 38.9 (2006): 653-662.  WB ;  Plant.   PubMed:16953305 [IF=1.719] Xiong L et al. Effect of decabrominated diphenyl ether exposure on spatial learning and memory, the expression and phosphorylation of hippocampal glutamate receptor subunits in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.(2018)J Toxicol Sci;43(11):645-657.  WB ;  Rat.   PubMed:30404998 [IF=0] Wang et al. Protective Effects of Curcumin against Sodium Arsenite-induced Ovarian Oxidative Injury in a Mouse Model. (2017) Chin.Med.J.(Engl. 130:1026-1032  WB ;  Mouse.   PubMed:28469096
Product Type	Internal reference anti
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse, Rat,  (predicted: Cow, Sheep, )
Applications	WB=1:2000-5000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 Flow-Cyt=1μg/Test  not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	50kDa
Cellular localization	cytoplasmic
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human Tubulin-alpha 1: 375-448/448
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Tubulin is a major cytoskeleton that has five distinct forms, designated alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon tubulin. The alpha and beta tubulins form a heterodimer that polymerize into the cylindrical microtubule fibers. Both alpha and beta tubulin bind GTP. Only beta tubulin hydrolyzes GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis is a process that is linked to tubulin polymerization and microtubule formation. The alpha tubulin isomer can be modified by addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue. This modification may influence polymerization rates. The gamma tubulin isomer is localized to centrosomes which compose the heart of the microtubule organizing center from which microtubule fibers emanate. Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. Subunit: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Post-translational modifications: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules (Probable). Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 stabilizes microtubules and affects affinity and processivity of microtubule motors. This modification has a role in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signaling. Similarity: Belongs to the tubulin family. SWISS: Q71U36 Gene ID: 7846 Database links: Entrez Gene: 7846 Human Entrez Gene: 22142 Mouse Entrez Gene: 64158 Rat Omim: 602529 Human SwissProt: Q71U36 Human SwissProt: P68369 Mouse SwissProt: P68370 Rat Unigene: 654422 Human Unigene: 405359 Mouse Unigene: 234326 Rat 结构蛋白（Structural Proteins） tubulin是一种大量存在于哺乳动物脑组织中的微管亚基蛋白，在结构上是由两个极为相近的α和β亚基组成的二聚体、多聚体形成微管细丝，是微管的主要成分。 微管蛋白是球形分子, 有两种类型:α微管蛋白(α-tubulin)和β微管蛋白(β-tubulin)货号：SL0210R, 这两种微管蛋白具有相似的三维结构, 能够紧密地结合成二聚体, 作为微管组装的亚基。 α亚基由450个氨基酸组成, β亚基是由455个氨基酸组成, 这两种亚基有35～40%的氨基酸序列同源, 表明编码它们的基因可能是由同一原始祖先演变而来.
Product Picture	Sample: Lane 1: Human HeLa cell lysates Lane 2: Human Jurkat cell lysates Lane 3: Human SH-SY5Y cell lysates Lane 4: Human U-2 OS cell lysates Lane 5: Human A431 cell lysates Primary: Anti-Tubulin-alpha (Loading Control) (SL0159R) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50 kDa Observed band size: 52 kDa Sample: Lane 1: Mouse NIH/3T3 cell lysates Lane 2: Human HepG2 cell lysates Lane 3: Human 293T cell lysates Primary: Anti-Tubulin-alpha (Loading Control) (SL0159R) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50 kDa Observed band size: 52 kDa Sample: MOLT-4(Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Primary: Anti-Tubulin-alpha (SL0159R) at 1/2000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50 kD Observed band size: 50 kD Sample: Heart (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- Tubulin-alpha (SL0159R) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50 kD Observed band size: 52 kD Sample: Lane 1: Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 2: Cerebrum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 3: Cerebellum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 4: Cerebellum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Tubulin-alpha (SL0159R) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50 kD Observed band size: 50 kD Sample: Cerebrum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Cerebellum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-Tubulin-alpha(SL0159R)at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50kD Observed band size: 55kD Sample: Hela(Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Primary: Anti-Tubulin-alpha (SL0159R) at 1/300 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 50 kD Observed band size: 50 kD Blank control: RSC96 Cells (blue). Primary Antibody:Rabbit Anti- Tubulin-alpha 1 antibody(SL0159R), Dilution: 1μg in 100 μL 1X PBS containing 0.5% BSA; Isotype Control Antibody: Rabbit IgG(orange) ,used under the same conditions ); Secondary Antibody: Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE(white blue), Dilution: 1:200 in 1 X PBS containing 0.5% BSA. Protocol The cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (10 min) , then permeabilized with 90% ice-cold methanol for 30 min on ice. Primary antibody (SL0159R,1μg /1x10^6 cells) were incubated for 30 min on the ice, followed by 1 X PBS containing 0.5% BSA + 1 0% goat serum (15 min) to block non-specific protein-protein interactions. Then the Goat Anti-rabbit IgG/PE antibody was added into the blocking buffer mentioned above to react with the primary antibody at 1/200 dilution for 30 min on ice. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed.

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