Product Name	Alpha-Synuclein
Chinese Name	核突触蛋白抗体
Alias	SNCA; SYUA_HUMAN; Alpha synuclein; Alpha-synuclein, isoform NACP140; alpha SYN; MGC105443; MGC110988; MGC127560; MGC64356; NACP; Non A beta component of AD amyloid; Non A4 component of amyloid precursor; Non-A-beta component of alzheimers disease amyloid , precursor of; Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; PARK 1; PARK 4; PARK1; PARK4; Parkinson disease (autosomal dominant, Lewy body) 4; Parkinson disease familial 1; Syn; Snca synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor); Synuclein alpha; Synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor); Synuclein-α; Synuclein α.  α-Synuclein; α Synuclein; Synuclein α.
literatures	Specific References  (2)     |     SL0012M has been referenced in 2 publications. [IF=8.786] Qing Guan. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CSF reveals neuroprotective RAC1+ NK cells in Parkinson's disease.. FRONT IMMUNOL. 2022 Sep;13:992505-992505  IF ;  Mouse.   PubMed:36211372 [IF=3.038] Wenxiang Fan. et al. S-oxiracetam Facilitates Cognitive Restoration after Ischemic Stroke by Activating α7nAChR and the PI3K-Mediated Pathway. 2021 Jan 22  IHC ;  Rat.   PubMed:33481205
Research Area	Cell biology  Neurobiology
Immunogen Species	Mouse
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Mouse, Rat,  (predicted: Human, Dog, Pig, Cow, Horse, Sheep, Guinea Pig, )
Applications	ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	14kDa
Cellular localization	The nucleus cytoplasmic The cell membrane
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human Alpha-Synuclein: 122-140/140
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]. Function: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals. Subunit: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1 (By similarity). Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Cell junction, synapse. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons. Tissue Specificity: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals. Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues. Phosphorylation by CK1 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is selective and extensive in synucleinopathy lesions. In vitro, phosphorylation at Ser-129 promoted insoluble fibril formation. Phosphorylated on Tyr-125 by a PTK2B-dependent pathway upon osmotic stress. Hallmark lesions of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies contain alpha-synuclein that is modified by nitration of tyrosine residues and possibly by dityrosine cross-linking to generated stable oligomers. Ubiquitinated. The predominant conjugate is the diubiquitinated form (By similarity). Acetylation at Met-1 seems to be important for proper folding and native oligomeric structure. DISEASE: Note=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1. Parkinson disease 1 (PARK1) [MIM:168601]: A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Parkinson disease 4 (PARK4) [MIM:605543]: A complex neurodegenerative disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features include parkinsonian symptoms (resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [DISEASE] Dementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:127750]: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features. Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Similarity: Belongs to the synuclein family. SWISS: P37840 Gene ID: 6622 Database links: Entrez Gene: 6622 Human Entrez Gene: 20617 Mouse Entrez Gene: 29219 Rat Omim: 163890 Human SwissProt: P37840 Human SwissProt: O55042 Mouse SwissProt: P37377 Rat Unigene: 21374 Human Unigene: 17484 Mouse Unigene: 1827 Rat Synuclein 包括α-Synuclein，β-Synuclein 和γ-Synuclein 是神经细胞中富含的前突触蛋白。α-Synuclein，Alzheimer’(AD)病淀粉样蛋白沉积的成份之一，集中分布在神经细胞的包体和突触。在帕金森病人中发现有α-Synuclein的变异型，而γ-Synuclein与轴突病理学有关。此抗体将为Lewy小体痴呆症、Parkinson症、AD和其它一些神经性疾病提供有用的病理诊断。
Product Picture	Tissue/cell: rat brain tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; Incubation: Anti-α-Synuclein Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL0012M) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0024) and DAB(C-0010) staining Tissue/cell: rat brain tissue;4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; Incubation: Anti-α-Synuclein Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL0012M) 1:200, overnight at 4°C; The secondary antibody was Goat Anti-Mouse IgG, Cy3 conjugated(SL0296G-Cy3)used at 1:200 dilution for 40 minutes at 37°C. DAPI(5ug/ml,blue,C-0033) was used to stain the cell nuclei

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