Product Name	Anti-phospho-Smad2 (Ser465)/Cy5.5
Chinese Name	Cy5.5标记的磷酸化Smad2抗体
Alias	Smad2(phospho S465); phospho-Smad2(Ser465); p-Smad2(Ser465); phospho-Smad2(S465); Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; SMAD 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2; Smad2; hMAD 2; hSMAD2; JV18 1; JV18; JV181; MAD; MAD Related Protein 2; MADH2; MADR2; MGC22139; MGC34440; Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 2; mothers against DPP homolog 2; SMAD 2; SMAD; SMAD2; SMAD2_HUMAN.
Product Type	Phosphorylated anti
Research Area	Tumour  immunology  Signal transduction  Apoptosis  transcriptional regulatory factor  Kinases and Phosphatases
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Human, Mouse,  (predicted: Rat, Chicken, Dog, Cow, Horse, )
Applications	Flow-Cyt=1:50-200 IF=1:50-200  not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Molecular weight	58kDa
Form	Lyophilized or Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated Synthetic phosphopeptide derived from human Smad2 around the Ser465
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Storage Buffer	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C.
Product Detail	background: SMAD2 or Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 is a polypeptide that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene: "Mothers against decepentaplegic". It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the TGF-Beta superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGF-Beta family members SMAD2 is involved in cell signalling. SMAD2 modulates signals of activin and TGF-Beta's. It interacts with SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA). The binding of ligands causes the phosphorylation of the SMAD2 protein and the dissociation from SARA and the association with SMAD4. It is subsequently transferred to the nucleus where it forms complexes with other proteins and acts as a transcription factor. SMAD2 is a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) and is activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinase. Smad2 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; SMAD 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2;) Function: Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. Subunit: Momomer; the absence of TGF-beta. Heterodimer; in the presence of TGF-beta. Forms a heterodimer with co-SMAD, SMAD4, in the nucleus to form the transactivation complex SMAD2/SMAD4. Interacts with AIP1, HGS, PML and WWP1. Interacts with NEDD4L in response to TGF-beta. Found in a complex with SMAD3 and TRIM33 upon addition of TGF-beta. Interacts with ACVR1B, SMAD3 and TRIM33. Interacts (via the MH2 domain) with ZFYVE9; may form trimers with the SMAD4 co-SMAD. Interacts with FOXH1, homeobox protein TGIF, PEBP2-alpha subunit, CREB-binding protein (CBP), EP300 and SKI. Interacts with SNON; when phosphorylated at Ser-465/467. Interacts with SKOR1 and SKOR2. Interacts with PRDM16. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with LEMD3. Interacts with RBPMS. Interacts with WWP1. Interacts (dephosphorylated form, via the MH1 and MH2 domains) with RANBP3 (via its C-terminal R domain); the interaction results in the export of dephosphorylated SMAD3 out of the nucleus and termination ot the TGF-beta signaling. Interacts with PDPK1 (via PH domain). Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Cytoplasmic and nuclear in the absence of TGF-beta. On TGF-beta stimulation, migrates to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4. On dephosphorylation by phosphatase PPM1A, released from the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, and exported out of the nucleus by interaction with RANBP1. Tissue Specificity: Expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, heart and placenta. Post-translational modifications: Phosphorylated on one or several of Thr-220, Ser-245, Ser-250, and Ser-255. In response to TGF-beta, phosphorylated on Ser-465/467 by TGF-beta and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Able to interact with SMURF2 when phosphorylated on Ser-465/467, recruiting other proteins, such as SNON, for degradation. In response to decorin, the naturally occurring inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling, phosphorylated on Ser-240 by CaMK2. Phosphorylated by MAPK3 upon EGF stimulation; which increases transcriptional activity and stability, and is blocked by calmodulin. Phosphorylated by PDPK1. In response to TGF-beta, ubiquitinated by NEDD4L; which promotes its degradation. Acetylated on Lys-19 by coactivators in response to TGF-beta signaling, which increases transcriptional activity. Isoform short: Acetylation increases DNA binding activity in vitro and enhances its association with target promoters in vivo. Acetylation in the nucleus by EP300 is enhanced by TGF-beta. Similarity: Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. Contains 1 MH1 (MAD homology 1) domain. Contains 1 MH2 (MAD homology 2) domain. Database links: Entrez Gene: 4087 Human Entrez Gene: 17126 Mouse Entrez Gene: 29357 Rat Omim: 601366 Human SwissProt: Q15796 Human SwissProt: Q62432 Mouse SwissProt: O70436 Rat Unigene: 12253 Human Unigene: 705764 Human Unigene: 391091 Mouse Unigene: 2755 Rat Important Note: This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. transcriptional regulatory factor（Transcriptin Regulators） Smads家族是最新发现的TGF-βSignal transduction途径中一个重要的新基因家族.是TGF-β特异的细胞内Signal transduction分子，SMAD2/3属于受体激活的SMADs.有学者认为：Smad2、Smad3在某些Tumour中发生突变,有可能是一种Tumour抑制基因。 Smad2/3蛋白与Smad1、Smad5有高度同源性。

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