Product Name	Anti-Phospho-VASP(Ser239)/Biotin
Chinese Name	生物素标记的磷酸化血管扩张刺激磷蛋白抗体
Alias	VASP(phospho S239); Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; VASP; VASP_HUMAN.
Product Type	Phosphorylated anti
Research Area	Tumour  immunology  Neurobiology  Signal transduction  Apoptosis  transcriptional regulatory factor  Kinases and Phosphatases
Immunogen Species	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
React Species	Mouse,  (predicted: Human, Rat, Dog, Cow, )
Applications	WB=1:50-200 ELISA=1:100-1000 IHC-P=1:50-200 IHC-F=1:50-200 IF=1:50-200  not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Molecular weight	40kDa
Form	Lyophilized or Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	KLH conjugated synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human VASP around the phosphorylation site of Ser239
Lsotype	IgG
Purification	affinity purified by Protein A
Storage Buffer	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C.
Product Detail	background: Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a member of the Ena-VASP protein family. Ena-VASP family members contain an EHV1 N-terminal domain that binds proteins containing E/DFPPPPXD/E motifs and targets Ena-VASP proteins to focal adhesions. In the mid-region of the protein, family members have a proline-rich domain that binds SH3 and WW domain-containing proteins. Their C-terminal EVH2 domain mediates tetramerization and binds both G and F actin. VASP is associated with filamentous actin formation and likely plays a widespread role in cell adhesion and motility. VASP may also be involved in the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate integrin-extracellular matrix interactions. VASP is regulated by the cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases PKA and PKG. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] Function: Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation. Subunit: Homotetramer. Interacts with PFN1, PFN2, LPP, ACTN1 and ACTG1. Interacts, via the EVH1 domain, with the Pro-rich regions of ZYX. This interaction is important for targeting to focal adhesions and the formation of actin-rich structures at the apical surface of cells. Interacts, via the EVH1 domain, with the Pro-rich domain of Listeria monocytogenes actA. Interacts with APBB1IP. Interacts, via the Pro-rich domain, with the C-terminal SH3 domain of DNMBP (By similarity). Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell junction, focal adhesion. Cell projection, lamellipodium membrane. Cell projection, filopodium membrane. Note=Targeted to stress fibers and focal adhesions through interaction with a number of proteins including MRL family members. Localizes to the plasma membrane in protruding lamellipodia and filopodial tips. Stimulation by thrombin or PMA, also translocates VASP to focal adhesions. Localized along the sides of actin filaments throughout the peripheral cytoplasm under basal conditions. Tissue Specificity: Highly expressed in platelets. Post-translational modifications: Major substrate for cAMP-dependent (PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in platelets. The preferred site for PKA is Ser-157, the preferred site for PKG/PRKG1, Ser-239. In ADP-activated platelets, phosphorylation by PKA or PKG on Ser-157 leads to fibrinogen receptor inhibition. Phosphorylation on Thr-278 requires prior phosphorylation on Ser-157 and Ser-239. In response to phorbol ester (PMA) stimulation, phosphorylated by PKC/PRKCA. In response to thrombin, phosphorylated by both PKC and ROCK1. Phosphorylation at Thr-278 by AMPK does not require prior phosphorylation at Ser-157 or Ser-239. Phosphorylation modulates F-actin binding, actin filament elongation and platelet activation. Phosphorylation at Ser-322 by AMPK also alters actin filament binding. Carbon monoxide (CO) promotes phosphorylation at Ser-157, while nitric oxide (NO) promotes phosphorylation at Ser-157, but also at Ser-239. Response to NO and CO is blunted in platelets from diabetic patients, and VASP is not phosphorylated efficiently at Ser-157 and Ser-239. Similarity: Belongs to the Ena/VASP family. Contains 1 WH1 domain. Database links: Entrez Gene: 403936 Dog Entrez Gene: 7408 Human Entrez Gene: 22323 Mouse Entrez Gene: 361517 Rat Omim: 601703 Human SwissProt: P50551 Dog SwissProt: P50552 Human SwissProt: P70460 Mouse Unigene: 515469 Human Unigene: 9684 Mouse Important Note: This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.     VASP属于Ena-VASP蛋白家族，是一种肌动蛋白Binding protein。Cytoskeleton动力学的调节在细胞粘附、细胞变形、细胞移动等生理过程中是必需的。VASP可能也参与细胞内信号通道，该通道调节整联蛋白与Extracellular matrix间的相互作用。VASP被周期核苷酸依赖型激酶PKA与PKG所调节,在一些Tumour的分化、增值、转移中起到一定的作用，在Tumour中有较高的表达。     近年来的研究发现VASP在与Cytoskeleton调节有关的各种细胞行为中起着重要作用，如神经细胞轴索的延伸、T细胞的移动、成纤维细胞的迁移等。     VASP的磷酸化受PKG（cGMP-dependent protein kinase）和PKA（cAMP—dependent protein kinase）的调控。在粘附斑的形成与脱落过程中，该磷酸化起着一个“开关”的作用。

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