Product Name	AKT2
Chinese Name	蛋白激酶B2单克隆抗体
Alias	C AKT; MGC9965; Oncogene AKT1; PKB; PRKBA; Protein Kinase B Alpha; RAC; RAC PK Alpha; RAC Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase; vAKT Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1; AKT2_HUMAN; HIHGHH; AKT 2; AKT-2; PKB beta; PKB-beta; PKBB; PKBBETA; PRKBB; Protein kinase Akt 2; Protein kinase Protein kinase B beta; RAC BETA; RAC beta serine threonine protein kinase; RAC PK beta; Rac protein kinase beta; Rac protein kinase beta; RAC-BETA; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase; RAC-PK-beta; V AKT Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2.
literatures	Specific References  (1)     |     SLM-51473M has been referenced in 1 publications. [IF=4.171] Jingjing Yu. et al. Immuno-colocalization of IRF5 with TRAF6 and AKT2 in Human Apical Periodontitis. J Endodont. 2022 Mar;:  IF ;  Other.   PubMed:35314291
Research Area	Tumour  Cell biology  Neurobiology  Signal transduction  Apoptosis  Kinases and Phosphatases
Immunogen Species	Mouse
Clonality	Monoclonal
Clone NO.	AK02
React Species	Human, Mouse, Rat,
Applications	WB=1:500-1000 IHC-P=1:50-100 ICC=1:50 IF=1:10-50 （Paraffin sections need antigen repair） not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Theoretical molecular weight	56kDa
Cellular localization	The nucleus cytoplasmic The cell membrane
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1mg/ml
immunogen	Recombinant human AKT2.
Lsotype	IgG1
Purification	affinity purified by Protein G
Buffer Solution	0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
Storage	Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Attention	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
PubMed	PubMed
Product Detail	This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases containing SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phophorylating several known proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] Function: AKT2 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven. AKT regulates also cell survival via the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization. In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319'. FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). The phosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates 'Ser-454' on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), thereby potentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. Activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of 'Ser-273', resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition of lipolysis. Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on 'Ser-318', which results in increased PI(3)P-5 activity. The Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation cell proliferation and cell growth. AKT plays a role as key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. May be involved in the regulation of the placental development. One of the few specific substrates of AKT2 identified recently is PITX2. Phosphorylation of PITX2 impairs its association with the CCND1 mRNA-stabilizing complex thus shortening the half-life of CCND1. AKT2 seems also to be the principal isoform responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake. Phosphorylates C2CD5 on 'Ser-197' during insulin-stimulated adipocytes. AKT2 is also specifically involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. Down-regulation by RNA interference reduces the expression of the phosphorylated form of BAD, resulting in the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Phosphorylates CLK2 on 'Thr-343'. Subunit: Interacts (via PH domain) with MTCP1, TCL1A AND TCL1B. Interacts with CLK2, PBH2 and TRAF6. Subcellular Location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Localizes within both nucleus and cytoplasm of proliferative primary myoblasts and mostly within the nucleus of differentiated primary myoblasts. By virtue of the N-terminal PH domain, is recruited to sites of the plasma membrane containing increased PI(3,4,5)P3 or PI(3,4)P2. Post-translational modifications: Note=Defects in AKT2 are a cause of susceptibility to breast cancer (BC). AKT2 promotes metastasis of tumor cells without affecting the latency of tumor development. With AKT3, plays also a pivotal role in the biology of glioblastoma. Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) [MIM:125853]: A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis caused by a lack of sensitivity to the body's own insulin. Affected individuals usually have an obese body habitus and manifestations of a metabolic syndrome characterized by diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. The disease results in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with hemihypertrophy (HIHGHH) [MIM:240900]: A disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, low insulin levels, low serum levels of ketone bodies and branched-chain amino acids, left-sided hemihypertrophy, neonatal macrosomia, reduced consciousness and hypoglycemic seizures. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily. Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain. Contains 1 PH domain. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. SWISS: P31751 Gene ID: 208 Database links: Entrez Gene: 208 Human SwissProt: P31751 Human
Product Picture	Sample: Lane 1: Jurkat cell lysates Lane 2: Hela cell lysates Lane 3: Mouse brain tissue lysates Lane 4: C6 cell lysates Primary: Anti-AKT2 (SLM-51473M) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 56 kD Observed band size: 56 kD Sample: Lane 1: Mouse brain tissue lysates Primary: Anti-AKT2 (SLM-51473M) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 56 kD Observed band size: 56 kD Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human prostate carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (AKT2) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SLM-51473M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining. Hela cell; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed; Triton X-100 at room temperature for 20 min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 20 min; Antibody incubation with (AKT2 ) monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SLM-51473M) 1:50, 90 minutes at 37°C; followed by a conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG antibody at 37°C for 90 minutes, DAPI (blue) was used to stain the cell nuclei.

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